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back pain

Back pain - an unpleasant manifestation of many diseases or strong muscles for other reasons. In most cases, abnormality occurs on the background of various changes in the structure of the spinal joints and adjacent muscles, nerves, or the skin over the spine. In addition, such a symptom is associated with some disease or malfunction of internal organs.

The location of the pain can tell you a lot about what the internal organs are damaged. Therefore, pain in the lower back refers to the fact that may have hurt the bone of the spine, a person to develop intervertebral hernia, affects the nerves, bone marrow, abdominal cavity and small pelvis.

Pain in the upper back appears on the background of various diseases of the aorta, cancer or benign tumors in the chest, coughing, and also on the background of inflammation of the spine. But much more often back pain occurs because of the large load on the joints and ligaments of the spine.

Etiology

The back is not uncommon for perfectly healthy people, but often times the most common diseases. The main reasons related to disruption of the functioning of the body, are a variety of violations of the integrity of the spine. This group of the pathological causes include the following diseases:

  • osteomyelitis, which affects the bone marrow;
  • cancerous growths metastasize or spread to the spine, causing pain in the lower back;
  • education hernia of the intervertebral discs;
  • the displacement of the vertebrae;
  • the spine curves of different degree;
  • fractures or other injuries of this organ;
  • stenosis of the channel of the spine;
  • osteoarthritis - damage to the cartilage;
  • fibromyalgia, chronic muscle pain, accompanied by a variety of unpleasant symptoms. Is not only a pain in the upper back, but smaller.

The main causes of back pain

Back pain

The causes of pain, not associated with diseases of the spine or change its structure:

  • pelvic bleeding;
  • compression of the nerves of the sternum lead to back pain when inhaling;
  • gynecological disease is often characterized by unpleasant sensations in the right side or lower back Usually;
  • the accumulation of a large amount of blood in the retroperitoneal space;
  • diseases of the various organs of the small pelvis;
  • aortic dissection;
  • stomach ulcer - causes pain in the back between the shoulder blades;
  • disorders of kidney function;
  • shingles;
  • arthritis;
  • disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and the urogenital system cause back pain to the right or to the left (place of the projection of the affected organ);
  • disorders of the organs localized in the abdominal cavity;
  • rheumatological disease;
  • tumors in the lungs manifested pain when breathing or coughing;
  • diseases of the cardiovascular system causes pain in the side, frequently the left;
  • the formation of kidney stones, is manifested by pain in the lower back;
  • appendicitis - this disease of the pain experienced on both sides;
  • infectious diseases, accompanied by damage to the lungs.

In most cases, these reasons may start with back pain below the waist.

Factors, due to which the pain can occur in healthy adults or children:

  • resistant effect in the cold;
  • action-the circumstances under which a person is forced to lift weights for hours;
  • the sudden movement;
  • with a strong cough (causes pain in back above waist);
  • stay in an uncomfortable position, perhaps during sleep or during long journeys;
  • flow menstruation;
  • injuries or fractures, not necessarily the spine. Because of fractures, pain in the damaged places often give back;
  • incorrect posture;
  • increased body mass;
  • age distribution - the problems can occur at any age, but people of middle and old age such a feature is a feature most often, because the body may develop a chronic disease, slow down some processes, and why the pain occurs in the muscles of the back (to go long).

We should also consider a back pain during pregnancy. Women during the feeling of weight in the back and chest pain when you cough caused by the growing fetus and the pressure that it creates. Because of the displacement of the body, the muscles of the lower back and hip strain, in order to support the weight. For these reasons, there is pain in the back.

Varieties

Depending on the reasons for this uncomfortable feeling can be localized in different places:

  • back pain above the waist - can be intermittent or chronic nature, is mostly caused due to harmless factors, with improper organization of the workplace, or heavy lifting;
  • pain in the lumbar - appear in the background, transitional, or herniated discs. The pain can be so intense that it is back pain when breathing and coughing, but in a horizontal position all passes;
  • the pain below the waist can occur due to hypothermia or a severe back strain. If this symptom occurs, when it comes to any disease, you should immediately call an ambulance. This type is characterized by unpleasant sensations in the right side, which often give lower limbs;
  • pain shoulder blades - back pain on the left occurs when the heart attack or psychological problems. Often distributed in such unusual places, such as the right arm, neck or groin. On the right side of the formation of stones or other kidney conditions. Pain straight both blades is expressed as tumors or tuberculosis;
  • back pain on the right give a sign of difficulty breathing, pneumonia or cancer in the lungs or the bronchi, as well as the bodies involved in the urine;
  • back pain on the left shows the problem of the heart and respiratory system;
  • pain in the lower back - the most common form of discomfort, as it can be, because of the large number of diseases, for example, when the catarrhal cough, or under the influence of external factors. Tellingly, if the pain spread to the side and continues for more than three months, this means that the disorder overflowed into the chronic form;
  • pain in upper back - most caused by cancerous tumors or metastases to the lungs or the spine.

Classification of back pain

Symptoms

Symptoms of back pain in different places can vary, depending on the cause. Most often back pain accompanied by such signs:

  • disability and motor function of a person, due to the different intensity of pain and its propagation in different directions, other organs or limbs;
  • often to the emission of urine, especially if the pain is caused by problems with the kidneys or urinary tract;
  • in some cases there is fever;
  • the sharp decline in body weight;
  • diarrhea;
  • weakness and pain in the muscles of the back;
  • nausea, ending in vomiting;
  • pressure in the chest, heart and lungs;
  • the appearance of a sharp pain in lungs when coughing;
  • feeling short of breath;
  • constant worry;
  • absent-mindedness;
  • decreased visual acuity and hearing.

Because the main symptom is pain, he can use a different character. In some cases it can be acute and sharp, others constantly and pressing. Often, the pain spreads in different directions, the internal organs or such places where in principle it should not be, for example, the face, the neck, the lower jaw. In some cases the pain syndrome worsen after a meal, or vice versa, stops can occur during sleep, because the wrong position, or the end, when a person takes a horizontal position.

Diagnosis

Before starting the treatment, the therapist will need to perform several studies to find out possible reasons for the expression of pain, its type and localization. The doctor has got the total picture of course, this unpleasant feeling, the patient needs:

Electromyography

Electromyography
  • provides complete information about the symptoms that accompany the pain in the back, when they for the first time and how intense;
  • Express default, which could lead to such a feeling, for example, menstruation, uncomfortable posture of sleep or body position while working, coughing or sudden movements, and give a expert check out the full list of all the diseases, especially diseases of the patient during the entire life;
  • tell me where the pain occurs, and what body or bodies to apply. It is very important to determine the diagnosis, because of different localization of the pain can indicate a variety of diseases;
  • pass a General examination, where the doctor performs palpation of the spine;
  • tests of blood and urine to determine the pathological process or diseases of the kidneys;
  • perform x-rays, which is designed to detect abnormalities in the structure of the spine, thorax and lungs;
  • go to the CT-and MRI-examinations to detect possible diseases of internal organs;
  • explore muscle electromyography;
  • the study of the bone using the injection of a contrast agent. Where it accumulates, and there is a violation;
  • must be analysed in order to determine the bone density;
  • in addition, consult with such specialists as a neurologist, rheumatologist, orthopedist and vertebrologist.

After receiving all test results, the doctor will prescribe an individual treatment for each patient.

Treatment

If the pain is unbearable, before the arrival of doctors it is necessary to take measures for first aid:

  • applying a cold compress to the back area, where a local pain;
  • to ensure complete immobilization to prevent further damage. The victim must take a comfortable position of the body;
  • take pain medication;
  • completely remove any load.

After arriving in the medical department treatment is based on treatment of the underlying disease, which may consist of:

  • anti-inflammatory drugs;
  • warming ointments;
  • drugs that eliminate spasm of intense pain in the lower back, because this type of pain is common in patients;
  • drugs that increase the production of the components of cartilage tissue;
  • physiotherapeutic treatment (heating);
  • therapeutic massage;
  • manual therapy techniques, but use them only on the instructions of your health care doctor, because of a wrong holding of such a treatment is likely to aggravate the situation;
  • acupuncture - the same as in the previous paragraph is used with the permission of the doctor;
  • medical intervention - is it just in some cases, such as cancer diseases or you need to create an intervertebral prosthesis;
  • wearing a special corset, which reduces the load on the spine and lower back.

Prevention

Preventive methods to avoid the occurrence of back pain are:

  • timely treatment of major diseases of the spine, lungs, kidneys and abdominal organs;
  • the rejection of heavy physical exertion and hypothermia of the body, especially for pregnant women;
  • compliance with the correct posture during work and study;
  • providing a comfortable environment for sleep;
  • adjustment overweight;
  • limiting sudden movements of the back;
  • preventive checkups at the clinic early detection of diseases, that cause back pain.